![]() ![]() ĭespite the widespread use of the SF-36 in different populations, to our knowledge, no international IHD reference data in patients with angina, MI or ischemic heart failure are available. Meta-analyses or systematic reviews showed that the SF-36 also correlates with disease-specific questionnaires like for heart failure and is a predictor of health status confirming its broad area of application. The impact of a chronic condition on mental health was always lower than physical health. ![]() where patients with heart failure reported the lowest physical health, followed by patients with MI and then angina. A similar distribution was found in a study by Alphin et al. also reported lower physical health scores for females and older patients and moreover for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) compared to patients with angina. Patients with congestive heart failure reported the second lowest SF-36 physical health, while the “effect of ischemic heart disease on a number of physical health scales was noteworthy.” The EuroAspire III study used the SF-12 in patients with IHD, where lower HRQL estimates were found in women, older patients and patients from Eastern European countries. The International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project was a comprehensive project to translate, adapt and validate the SF-36 internationally in patients with chronic disease. The Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) is arguably one of the most widely used generic health-related quality of life measures in the general population and also in patients with IHD. A number of instruments have been developed to quantify HRQL, and some HRQL manuals offer population norms and distributions relating to gender, age or disease while various studies have provided within-country and between-country HRQL comparative data. For example, reference data allow a determination of whether group or individual HRQL scores and standard deviations are below, similar to, or above those of a reference group thus placing them into a context furthermore, comparing percentiles and minimum/maximum values in a study sample can provide useful information on the distribution of HRQL scores. Without such data, it is difficult for the user to assess the meaning of the scores because benchmark values are missing. The key to the interpretation of HRQL is having reference data. Key attributes of HRQL instruments include the conceptual and measurement model, reliability, validity, language adaptations and interpretability. Īttributes and criteria for HRQL instruments are important as quality indicators. Patient-reported health status, including HRQL, is predictive of mortality, cardiovascular events, hospitalization and costs of care in patients with cardiovascular disease despite this, instruments to assess patient-reported health status are underused in clinical practice. In 2012, cardiovascular diseases were the number one cause of death globally with about 17.5 million people dying of cardiovascular diseases, or 31 % of all global deaths of these deaths, approximately 7.4 million (42 %) were due to ischemic heart disease (IHD). Health-related quality of life (HRQL), as an integral aspect of subjective patient-reported health status, has become an increasingly important health care outcome measure, especially in patients with chronic diseases, for example, cardiovascular disease. ![]()
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